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Hispanics and Firearms Violence
Endnotes
- "Resident Population
Estimates of the United States by Sex, Race, and Hispanic Origin:
April 1, 1990 to November 1, 1999," (U.S. Census Bureau, United States
Department of Commerce) downloaded April 14, 2000 from www.census.gov/population/estimates/nation/intfile3-1.txt;
INTERNET.
- "Census Facts
for Hispanic Heritage Month," (U.S. Census Bureau, United States Department
of Commerce), downloaded July 6, 2000, from www.census.gov/Press-Release/fs97-10.html;
INTERNET.
- . Bob Hausman,
"Gun industry must become less racist to survive in the 21st century,"
Shooting Sports Retailer, January 1997, 86.
- Philip J. Cook
and Jens Ludwig, Guns in America: Results of a Comprehensive National
Survey on Firearms Ownership and Use (Washington, DC: Police Foundation,
1996), 33.
- All rates in
the charts with national data are age-adjusted, unless otherwise indicated.
- The information
was gathered from the WISQAR internet program, with the statistics
produced by the Office of Statistics and Programming, National Center
for Injury Prevention and Control, CDC.
- The information
was gathered from the WISQAR internet program, with the statistics
produced by the Office of Statistics and Programming, National Center
for Injury Prevention and Control, CDC.
- Aggravated assault
is defined as involving an attack with a weapon or an attack without
a weapon which results in serious injury.
- Lisa D. Bastian,
"Hispanic Victims," Bureau of Justice Statistics Special Report
(January 1990): 1-10.
- Lisa D. Bastian,
"Hispanic Victims," Bureau of Justice Statistics Special Report
(January 1990): 1-10.
- Adam Dobrin et
al., Statistical Handbook on Violence in America (Phoenix:
The Oryx Press, 1996): 164.
- Several studies
have looked at domestic violence and firearms. These studies include:
Linda E. Saltzman, PhD, et al., "Weapon Involvement and Injury Outcomes
in Family and Intimate Assaults," Journal of the American Medical
Association 267, no. 22, (1992): 3043-3047; Arthur L. Kellermann,
MD, MPH, et al., "Gun Ownership as a Risk Factor for Homicide in the
Home," The New England Journal of Medicine 329, no. 15 (1993):
1084-1091; James A. Mercy, PhD, et al., "Fatal Violence among Spouses
in the United States, 1976-85" American Journal of Public Health
79 (May 1989): 595-599; and James E. Bailey, MD, MPH, et al., "Risk
Factors for Violence Death of Women in the Home," Archives of Internal
Medicine 157, no. 7 (1997): 777-782.
- Joseph L. Annest,
PhD, et al., "National Estimates of Nonfatal Firearm-Related Injuries:
Beyond the Tip of the Iceberg," Journal of the American Medical
Association 273, No. 22 (1995): 1749-1754. Nonfatal firearm injuries
are very difficult to ascertain and can only be estimated. Many nonfatal
shooting victims, even those who receive medical treatment, often
go unreported to the federal agencies that track and analyze such
incidents. The National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS),
which tracks nonfatal firearm-related injuries treated in U.S. emergency
departments, does not survey every hospital. Only a sample of hospitals�in
1997 the sample increased from just 91 to 101 hospitals nationwide�report
their numbers and national estimates are calculated from this data.
- "Nonfatal and
Fatal Firearm-Related Injuries�United States, 1993-1997," Morbidity
and Mortality Weekly Report 48, no. 45 (1999): 1029-1034.
- Arthur L. Kellermann,
MD, MPH, et al., "Injuries Due to Firearms in Three Cities," The
New England Journal of Medicine 335, no. 19 (1996): 1438-1444.
- The information
was gathered from the WISQAR internet program, with the statistics
produced by the Office of Statistics and Programming, National Center
for Injury Prevention and Control, CDC.
- The information
was gathered from the WISQAR internet program, with the statistics
produced by the Office of Statistics and Programming, National Center
for Injury Prevention and Control, CDC.
- Homicide
Surveillance: High-Risk Racial and Ethnic Groups�Blacks and Hispanics,
1970 to 1983 (Atlanta: Centers for Disease Control, 1986): 28,
31.
- Homicide Surveillance:
High-Risk Racial and Ethnic Groups�Blacks and Hispanics, 1970 to 1983
(Atlanta: Centers for Disease Control, 1986): 28.
- Homicide in
California (Sacramento: California Department of Justice, 1999):
56.
- Homicide in
California (Sacramento: California Department of Justice, 1999):
76.
- Homicide in
California (Sacramento: California Department of Justice, 1999):
76.
- "Firearm-Associated
Deaths and Hospitalizations�California, 1995-1996," Morbidity and
Mortality Weekly Report 48, no. 23 (1999): 485-488.
- "Firearm-Associated
Deaths and Hospitalizations�California, 1995-1996," Morbidity and
Mortality Weekly Report 48, no. 23 (1999): 485-488.
- www.census.gov/population/estimates/state/rank/strnktb5.txt.
INTERNET.
- An analysis
was not run for California because they publish a specific booklet,
Homicide in California, that contains California homicide information.
Information was not analyzed for the United States as a whole because
many states when documenting firearm victims do not collect information
on Hispanic ethnicity.
- FBI Supplementary
Homicide Report data, 1998.
- FBI Supplementary
Homicide Report data, 1998.
- FBI Supplementary
Homicide Report data, 1998.
- Patti J. Patterson,
MD, et al., "Firearm-related deaths among children in Texas: 1984-1988,"
The Journal of Texas Medicine 86 (July 1990): 92-97.
- Patti J. Patterson,
MD, et al., "Firearm-related deaths among children in Texas: 1984-1988,"
The Journal of Texas Medicine 86 (July 1990): 92-97.
- Patti J. Patterson,
MD, et al., "Firearm-related deaths among children in Texas: 1984-1988,"
The Journal of Texas Medicine 86 (July 1990): 92-97.
- Carolyn Rebecca
Block et al., "Intimate Partner Homicide in Chicago Over 29 Years,"
Crime & Delinquency 41 (October 1995): 496-526.
- "Homicides in
Chicago, 1965-1995," Chicago Homicide Dataset (Inter-university
Consortium for Political and Social Research, University of Michigan),
downloaded June 8, 1999, from www.icpsr.umich.edu/cgi/SDA11/hsda3;
INTERNET.
- Carolyn Rebecca
Block et al., "Intimate Partner Homicide in Chicago Over 29 Years,"
Crime & Delinquency 41 (October 1995): 496-526.
- Carolyn Rebecca
Block et al., "Intimate Partner Homicide in Chicago Over 29 Years,"
Crime & Delinquency 41 (October 1995): 496-526.
- Carolyn Rebecca
Block et al., "Intimate Partner Homicide in Chicago Over 29 Years,"
Crime & Delinquency 41 (October 1995): 496-526.
- Carolyn Rebecca
Block et al., "Intimate Partner Homicide in Chicago Over 29 Years,"
Crime & Delinquency 41 (October 1995): 496-526.
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All contents � 2001 Violence Policy Center
The Violence Policy Center is a national non-profit educational foundation
that conducts research on violence in America and works to develop violence-reduction
policies and proposals. The Center examines the role of firearms in America,
conducts research on firearms violence, and explores new ways to decrease
firearm-related death and injury. |